排除证

前面说过，用来支持论点的理由部分，我们称之为“证”。事实上，证也有以下三类。

如果能快速通过以上特征确定“证”的句子，那么至少也给论点句的确立减少了干扰，缩小了范围。

<四> 通过推理方向

推理方向感觉的培养，是批判性思维的练习达到一定程度以后，比较高级的境界。这个过程是一种水到渠成的自然思维习惯，无需套用表面的信号词特征，或诸如此类的初级技巧。

也就是说，在纷乱繁杂的论证信息中，可以一眼就看出论点句的存在，它与文章围绕的论题休戚相关，它是其他所有句子的推理指向，于一众凡俗粉黛中脱颖而出。

总结一下，我们可以把论点句的确定展现为下面的表格

本节练习题

判断下列每一段文字的论点句。

(1) A companyis considering changing its policy concerning daily working hours. Currently,this company requires all employees to arrive at work at 8 a.m. The proposedpolicy would permit each employee to decide when to arrive—from as early as 6a.m. to as late as 11 a.m.

(2) Cable-television spokesperson: Subscriptions to cable television are a bargainin comparison to "free" television. Remember that "free"television is not really free. It is consumers, in the end, who pay for thecostly advertising that supports "free" television.

(3) In the United States, of the people who moved from one state to another whenthey retired, the percentage who retired to Florida has decreased by threepercentage points over the past ten years. Since many local businesses inFlorida cater to retirees, these declines are likely to have a noticeablynegative economic effect on these businesses and therefore on the economy ofFlorida.